Planetary Physics Essays - Planetary Science, Planet, Solar System

Planetary Physics A planet is a divine body that rotates around a focal star and doesn't sparkle by its own light (Grolier, 1992). The main planetary framework that is known to man is our nearby planetary group. It is comprised of nine planets which run in size and make-up. The nine significant planets in our close planetary system are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. There are additionally numerous other minor planets which are additionally in our close planetary system, yet they are insignificant contrasted with the nine significant planets. In this paper I will talk about the planets and how they are every one of a kind. Mercury which is the planet that is nearest to the sun is the principal planet I will examine. Mercury is the littlest of the internal planets. It is hypothesized that the warmth from the sun made it outlandish for the gases present to turn out to be a piece of the planetary development. The outside of Mercury is very hot. It is roughly 470 degrees celsius on a superficial level and is thought to be much more smoking at the two problem areas. These hot spots are on far edges of the equator. It is the warmth of the surface that makes it inconceivable for Mercury to have any kind of climate. Mercury circles the sun once like clockwork and has a genuine pivot time of 58.6 days. It is the nearest planet to the sun and thusly circles quicker than any other planet (Thompson/Turk, 542, 1993). It is said that Mercury turns multiple times for each two excursions around the sun, so that during Planets 3 each substitute perihelon entry a similar face focuses legitimately at the sun. Topographically, the most exceptional highlights of Mercury are compressional bluffs or on the other hand blames, only such a wrinkles that may frame in the outside if the inside of the planet shrank marginally (Morrison, 74, 1993). It is estimated that it was the hardening of Mercury's metallic center that caused this worldwide shrinkage. Mercury is likewise . . . improved in metal or exhausted of rock (Morrison, 74, 1993). It is additionally accepted that some of the inward center of Mercury is still in a liquid state. Researchers additionally accept that Mercury's surface is made in part of silicate rock. The most ideal approach to portray Mercury is, . . . little, vigorously cratered and airless (Morrison, 71, 1993). Venus is the second nearest planet to the sun and is said to . . . most intently take after Earth in size, thickness, and good ways from the sun (Thompson/Turk, 542, 1993). Venus is referred to most researchers as the sister planet to the Earth. It is called this since it intently looks like the Earth's mass, thickness and distance across. The main thing diverse is that Venus is covered in thick mists that totally shroud the outside of the planet (Grolier, 1992). The surface temperature is additionally a lot hotter than that of Earth. Venus finishes one upheaval around the sun in 224.7 days. This makes the Venusian day equivalent to 117 earth days. It is believed this moderate pivot might be the motivation behind why Venus has no attractive field. Planets 4 The air of Venus comprised of 98% carbon dioxide and 2% Nitrogen. This climate likewise has the nearness of helium, neon and argon. This is one more thing which makes Venus unique in relation to Earth. The outside of Venus is all in all a bit like that of the Earth. The surface has volcanoes and smooth fields. A significant part of the volcanic action on Venus appears as Basaltic emissions that immerse enormous ares, much as the female horse volcanism overflowed the affected bowls on the close to side of the moon (Morrison, 93, 1993). One thing that contrasts from Earth is that there is no water fluid on the Venusian surface. A portion of the logical information that follows was removed from Cattermole's book. The mean good ways from the sun is 108.20 Km. The tropical measurement is 12,012 Km and the tropical turn is 243 days. At last the mass of Venus is 4.87*10^24 (Cattermole, 63, 1993). Venus, albeit not the same as Earth, is as yet our sister planet. Mars is the fourth farthest away from the sun and is perceived by its ruddy shading. Mars is likewise particularly like the Earth. More than some other planet in the close planetary system, Mars has attributes that make it an Earth-like world (Grolier, 1992). One thing that is Planetary Physics Essays - Planetary Science, Planet, Solar System Planetary Physics A planet is a heavenly body that rotates around a focal star and doesn't sparkle by its own light (Grolier, 1992). The main planetary framework that is known to man is our nearby planetary group. It is comprised of nine planets which run in size and make-up. The nine significant planets in our nearby planetary group are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. There are additionally numerous other minor planets which are additionally in our nearby planetary group, yet they are irrelevant contrasted with the nine significant planets. In this paper I will talk about the planets and how they are every one of a kind. Mercury which is the planet that is nearest to the sun is the principal planet I will examine. Mercury is the littlest of the internal planets. It is estimated that the warmth from the sun made it unthinkable for the gases present to turn out to be a piece of the planetary development. The outside of Mercury is amazingly hot. It is roughly 470 degrees celsius on a superficial level and is thought to be considerably more blazing at the two problem areas. These hot spots are on far edges of the equator. It is the warmth of the surface that makes it outlandish for Mercury to have any sort of air. Mercury circles the sun once at regular intervals and has a genuine turn time of 58.6 days. It is the nearest planet to the sun and hence circles quicker than any other planet (Thompson/Turk, 542, 1993). It is said that Mercury turns multiple times for each two excursions around the sun, so that during Planets 3 each interchange perihelon entry a similar face focuses legitimately at the sun. Geographically, the most exceptional highlights of Mercury are compressional bluffs or then again blames, only such a wrinkles that may frame in the covering if the inside of the planet shrank marginally (Morrison, 74, 1993). It is estimated that it was the hardening of Mercury's metallic center that caused this worldwide shrinkage. Mercury is likewise . . . advanced in metal or exhausted of rock (Morrison, 74, 1993). It is additionally accepted that some of the inward center of Mercury is still in a liquid state. Researchers additionally accept that Mercury's surface is made somewhat of silicate rock. The most ideal approach to portray Mercury is, . . . little, vigorously cratered and airless (Morrison, 71, 1993). Venus is the second nearest planet to the sun and is said to . . . most intently take after Earth in size, thickness, and good ways from the sun (Thompson/Turk, 542, 1993). Venus is referred to most researchers as the sister planet to the Earth. It is called this since it intently takes after the Earth's mass, thickness and distance across. The main thing diverse is that Venus is covered in thick mists that totally shroud the outside of the planet (Grolier, 1992). The surface temperature is likewise a lot hotter than that of Earth. Venus finishes one transformation around the sun in 224.7 days. This makes the Venusian day equivalent to 117 earth days. It is felt this moderate turn might be the motivation behind why Venus has no attractive field. Planets 4 The climate of Venus comprised of 98% carbon dioxide and 2% Nitrogen. This climate likewise has the nearness of helium, neon and argon. This is one more thing which makes Venus not the same as Earth. The outside of Venus is all in all a bit like that of the Earth. The surface has volcanoes and smooth fields. A great part of the volcanic movement on Venus appears as Basaltic ejections that immerse huge ares, much as the horse volcanism overwhelmed the affected bowls on the close to side of the moon (Morrison, 93, 1993). One thing that varies from Earth is that there is no water fluid on the Venusian surface. A portion of the logical information that follows was removed from Cattermole's book. The mean good ways from the sun is 108.20 Km. The tropical measurement is 12,012 Km and the tropical turn is 243 days. At last the mass of Venus is 4.87*10^24 (Cattermole, 63, 1993). Venus, albeit unique in relation to Earth, is as yet our sister planet. Mars is the fourth farthest away from the sun and is perceived by its rosy shading. Mars is additionally especially like the Earth. More than some other planet in the nearby planetary group, Mars has qualities that make it an Earth-like world (Grolier, 1992). One thing that is

Issues in Global Political Economy Research Paper

Issues in Global Political Economy - Research Paper Example As the exploration stresses regular asset plenitude frustrates monetary development. Numerous nations in African have a lot of characteristic assets, for example, gold, oil, and copper among numerous others. More than 66% of their items moving outside the nation are regular assets, but these countries are poor and politically temperamental. The nations rely upon remote speculators for their financial plausibility. As the paper examines a few nations plentiful in oil minerals, for example, Iran, Kuwait, and Libya experienced moderate development over the most recent a very long while. In addition, individuals from the OPEC, as a rule, experience a fall in the GNP per capita though states not plentiful in minerals appreciated a development in their GNP per capita. South Africa experienced a time of de-industrialization and a baffling financial development in the 1970's during the blast in gold costs. A few components drove the impacts key of them being that the genuine conversion scale increased in value, and deterioration trailed that. The world saw a move in creation of cocoa glue from nations, for example, Peru and Venezuela to Colombia after the disturbance of the air connect. Thusly, a blasting interest for Colombian coca was experienced, and numerous individuals in Columbia became independently employed, and young people in the country regions got work to do. In spite of the fact that, the blast had monetary overflow impacts just as money related open doors it denoted the start of savagery and clashes in significant urban communities.

Ethnic Challenge Essay Example for Free

Ethnic Challenge Essay The article, â€Å"Ethnic Challenge† by Hollie Shaw examined about showcasing to ethnic gatherings in Canada. Shaw expressed that understanding ethnic groups’ culture, convictions, and truths is the way to effectively infiltrate into their market. Organizations, be that as it may, need to convey their vows to these gatherings to support deals and assurance devotion. Despite the fact that Canada holds fast to multiculturalism, Shaw further noticed that showcasing to ethnic gatherings was never the situation, as promotions had just highlighted settlers yet had not straightforwardly focused on their market previously. Today, be that as it may, organizations like Shoppers Drug Mart Corp. Costco Wholesale Canada Ltd. , Hudson Bay Co. , and Wal-Mart Canada Corp. , utilizes social promoting. Additionally, Shaw called attention to the instance of Sunsilk, an acclaimed cleanser brand in South Asia, which modified its proposed advertisement after research found that its promotion highlighting a gay male beautician and his female customer and friend won't be viable, as South Asian ladies don't have this sort of relationship with their hair specialists. All in all, Shaw expressed that ethnic promoting will turn out to be increasingly significant in the coming a very long time as an ever increasing number of outsiders are discovering home in Canada. Shaw’s â€Å"Ethnic Challenge† is identified with the course material in that the last legitimizes the conflicts talked about in the previous. Shaw started the article by saying that previously, huge organizations did not have the endeavors in â€Å"marketing to Canadian immigrants† (standard. 1). The course material referenced a world frameworks hypothesis, which fights that there exists a â€Å"dominant center and a subordinate outskirts in the contemporary world,† so individuals have the normal inclination to focus on force and authority (p. 271). Therefore, in view of the hypothesis, large organizations would give promoting need to the predominant center that holds force and authority. What's more, the ethnic gatherings were recently prohibited in showcasing and promoting since the predominant culture apparent them as various â€Å"individuals and gatherings who don't acclimate to† cultural desires (p. 272). Notwithstanding, Shaw brought up that advertising, which avoids migrants and ethnic gatherings has been changing, as more organizations attempt to target them through their advertisements (standards. 2-3). This new focal point of showcasing can be credited to the ascent of new philosophical methodologies on humanism that addressed force and disparity. Moreover, as human geographers progressively become increasingly mindful of the assorted variety of individuals and spots, societies are seen as a lifestyle as well as a procedure that permits association from individuals who might build their own scenes (p. 270). In this way, the basic information that speculations have set down influence how Canadian way of life and living has been, including promoting and publicizing. Also, the article, which talked about the move of center in advertising objective and the course material, which referenced the ascent of basic meaning of culture are extremely clear appearances that Canada regards all ethnicities, as promoting now targets beforehand overlooked foreigners (standard. 5) and as Canadian arrangements keep on effectively empower multiculturalism, separately (p. 270). Subsequent to perusing the course material and the article, I have come to understand the inquiry we should pose to ourselves as local Canadians: Do we need migrants to be acclimatized or acculturated into the Canadian culture? Shaw’s article addressed this by obviously talking about showcasing and publicizing that take into account ethnic societies, tastes, convictions, and real factors †a cultural assimilation which permits ethnic gatherings to turn out to be a piece of the bigger Canadian culture, yet at the same time holding their unmistakable character. By and by, I don't need them to be totally acclimatized to our general public as they have local and unique societies that they normally live by. Along these lines, advertisements ought to honestly reflect and speak to their real factors if organizations need to be effective in their organizations. Besides, since there is no gathering or culture that remains over the others, if promotions need to have various adaptations, in various dialects, let them be. Along these lines, each gathering, ethnic or not, will feel that they are given consideration and they have a spot in the general public. Paul Dalby’s â€Å"Truly an Epidemic: The Diabetes Epidemic,† uncovered that diabetes, which was once viewed as an ailment of the middle age, is turning into a â€Å"epidemic† in Ontario as Canadians, paying little heed to age gatherings, has been found to convey the ailment. The article began with the instance of Michael Jacoby, when an elite player competitor however now battling with type 2 diabetes, â€Å"in which the pancreas doesn't deliver adequate insulin or the body doesn't appropriately utilize the insulin it makes. † 90% of diabetics have this kind of diabetes (standard. 4). Dalby further uncovered that there are 2. 25 million diabetics in Canada, 33% of which lives in Ontario †a 69 percent hop of the pervasiveness of the malady (standards. 7-8). Besides, is additionally disturbing that â€Å"children as youthful as 10 years old† have been found to have diabetes (standard. 0). In this manner, as indicated by Dr. Diane Finegood, â€Å"a monstrous crusade to change awful habits† (standard 22), which implies a change from â€Å"supersized food† and â€Å"sedentary lifestyles† (standard. 14) to legitimate eating and enough exercise (standard. 23) is required. The course material is identified with Dalby’s article in that the previous can clarify the subtleties examined in the last mentioned. For example, Dalby named diabetes a â€Å"epidemic,† which the course material characterized as a brief yet far reaching episode of a malady. Moreover, the present measurements, which expressed that 33% of the 2. 5 million diabetics originate from Ontario, can be clarified by the way that the area, which is home to large urban communities, carries on with an exceptionally quick paced life and holds more food decisions. In this manner, there is a more noteworthy chance to eat unfortunate nourishments. Besides, Ontario, being an industrialized territory, individuals will in general work longer hours and in this manner become less dynamic to participate in work out. Be that as it may, as indicated by the course material, the poor are more averse to be unfortunate. In Ontario, this doesn't appear to be the situation, as the individuals who procure diabetes are â€Å"poor† in way of life decisions †nearness of an alternate culture and absence of activity. In any case, in different nations, the poor being undesirable is defended in light of the fact that they are starved. Yet, on account of Canada, a great many people are deprived of solid nourishments. Moreover, Dalby referenced that an adjustment in way of life of unfortunate propensities is expected to stop the ascent of individuals experiencing diabetes and persuade Canadians to be solid. The course material characterized â€Å"being healthy† as carrying on with a solid way of life; observing great dietary patterns, great physical and emotional wellness, and solid invulnerable framework; not smoking or drinking; and normally observing a specialist for exams. In addition, Dalby’s disclosure of diabetes being a scourge is a reason for caution for everybody in light of the fact that as the course material examined, there is an interconnection between populace, wellbeing, and condition, an investigation known as clinical topography. With the relentless increment in Canada’s populace, it really want to stress over the reason and spread of diabetes, the enormous expense of social insurance frameworks to battle the pestilence, and the impacts of a changing situation on the strength of Canadians. The information that the course material gave empowered me to be stressed over my own wellbeing, just as the soundness of my kindred Canadians, especially the kids. The greater part of us are baited by inexpensive food and undesirable groceries due to their extraordinary and delectable tastes and accessibility; most likewise don't do practice because of absence of time and reluctance. Be that as it may, living in a quick paced world is no reason for us to ignore our wellbeing. Assuming more, we ought to be basically concerned in light of the fact that our populace isn't becoming any littler and our social insurance offices are not getting any less expensive. Moreover, we need to observe cautiously our ways of life against undesirable food and propensities in light of the fact that with the populace blast, we don't have the foggiest idea how our reality can sufficiently accommodate our essential requirements for us to live upbeat, sound, and fulfilling lives. Also, the honest minimal ones, so attached to desserts and lousy nourishments ought to be carefully guided and checked to eat just sound nourishments in light of the fact that without them, by what means can our country work well later on?

Financial Indicators Asset Turnover Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

The graph clearly shows the asset turnover of the four firms Digi Box 0.53x, Little World 1.07x, Blue 0.43x and Mersal 0.24x here the average asset turnover is 0.57x. The asset turnover ratio represents the turnover of assets by dividing sales on total assets (Brigham Houston, 2007). The asset turnover ratio shown in the graph revealed that Little World is the leader when it comes to volume of the business with respect to its total asset investment with asset turnover ratio of 1.07x. Mersal with lowest asset turnover 0.24x is even below the average asset turnover of 0.57x, the firm seriously needs to increase its sales or sell some of the assets or use both strategies to increase asset turnover. Mersal must use either of the strategies to increase its asset turnover. Blue with asset turnover of 0.43x shows the firm also needs to increase its assets turnover by increasing sales or adopting similar strategies. Digi Box has asset turnover of 0.53x the firm could further increase its sales to become the leader in terms of assets turnover. Equity ratio is also termed as debt ratio which specifically measures the long-term debt paying capacity or ability of any firm (Gibson, 2011). This ratio also measures that how well the creditors are protected or covered against risk if the company becomes bankrupt. The graph shows the equity ratio of the four firms Digi Box 83.21%, Little World 70.53%, Blue 95.91% and Mersal 89.37%, here the average for equity ratio is 84.76%. Comparing with the average trade mark equity ratio of 84.76% the Little Worlds equity ratio of 70.53% which is the lowest and shows that Little world is financed more with the help of debt instead of equity, and the ratio is signalling an alarm for the creditors that the firm is losing its capacity to pay its long-term debt. Comparing equity ratio of Little World with Digi Boxs equity ratio of 83.21%, Digi Box is in the red area of near to losing its capacity to pay long-term debts. Mersal with equity ratio of 89.37% and Blue 95.91% shows that these two firms are more financed by banks and therefore threatens the creditors that they are not protected for long-term investments in the firm. Net debt to equity ratio measures the leverage of the firm by dividing long-term debt by stockholders equity and focuses on long-term debts (Megginson Smart, 2009). This ratio is another indication of the level of debt taken by the firm and presents the results by spreading total debt over the shareholders. The net debt to equity ratio in the graph show net debt to equity ratio of Digi Box -52.3%, Little World -12.84%, Blue -64.17% and Mersal -67.16%, here the average will be -49.12%. Mersal with net debt to equity ratio -67.16% shows that the firm is leveraged less with debt and relies heavily on equity and has the least exposure to debt out of the four firms. Blue comes second with -64.17% and Digi Box third at -52.13% of net debt to equity ratio, the negative ratio shows that the firm can take loans from the bank to start new investments as long as the rate of the return of investments is more than the rate of interest. Little World with net debt to equity ratio of -12.84% relies comparatively more on debt with respect to other firms but still the negative values shows that the firm is leveraged through equity and not through debt. Asset Structure Asset Structure shows how much of the firms assets are fixed assets, inventories, receivables and cash equivalents. Firms whose assets are suitable for banks to keep as security and offer loans, use debt more than the firms whose assets are not suitable for security as loan (Brigham Houston, 2007). Asset structure is an important factor in making capital structure decisions. According to the figures shown in the graph Little World has 84.62K receivables which is higher Blue 64.22K, Mersal 59.69K, DigiBox 41.67K and shows that more of little worlds assets are in the form of receivables. Receivables do increase assets but provided they are not liquid assets, hence reducing asset turnover of a firm. Little World also has the most Fixed Assets equal to 901.6K showing the firms long-term investments also the assets which can be kept for security with banks in order to take loans for investments. At the same time the graph shows Little World also has the minimum inventories of 775.52K whi ch is good and low inventories add up to increase asset turnover, and Mersal at 332.77K, DigiBox 1.35M, Little World 775.52K and Blue 1.63M with the highest inventories. Blue held the most cash and cash equivalent of 6.09M showing the liquidity of the firm. Total Asset/Equity The asset structure revealed that team Little World has 84.62K of its assets in the form of receivables hence decreasing the liquidity of the team. Little World has the most Fixed Assets equal to 901.6K, hence firm can seek more investments from banks and Little World also held minimum inventories. The asset turnover ratio also revealed that Little World has the highest asset turnover ratio of 1.07x, more than Digi Box 0.53x, Blue 0.43x and Mersal 0.24x. Therefore according to asset structure and turnover Little World has the highest asset turnover out of all the four teams. Average Logistics Cost per sold product This graph shows the average logistics cost for selling products in Asia and Erurope, Mersal with USD 20.8 the highest average logistics cost per product sold in Asia and Little World with USD 6.6 the lowest average logistic cost per product sold in Asia. Consequently Little World outperforming others with lowest average logistics cost per sold product in Asia. Blue and Mersal have the highest average logistics cost per sold product in Europe i.e. USD 12.6 and DigiBox has the lowest average logistics cost per sold product i.e USD 8.9, consequently in Europe DigiBox outperforms Little World, Mersal and Blue. Selected Line Item Analysis Outsourcing Costs The Tech 1 product costs show the graph for outsourcing production to Asia and it reveals that Digi Box has the lowest cost for outsourcing work to Asia followed by Blue. The Tech 2 production cst graph reveals that Little world has the lowest cost for outsourcing to USA and Asia. Research and Development The figures in profit and loss statement show that Little World spends the highest on Research and Development i.e. USD 330,000 K more than Mersal 251,085 K, Blue 205,000K and DigiBox 55,000K. Research and development is an important part in product development, team Little World spending more on research and development is an important factor in increasing sales consequently increasing total asset turnover. Cash Reserves Mersal has the highest cash and cash equivalent as shown by the figures in Balance Sheet, which shows the liquidity of the firm but also losing investment opportunities due to holding large sums of cash, followed by Blue and DigiBox. Little World on the other hand has lowest cash and cash equivalent showing that the firm is involved more in investing activities. Simulation Learning Outcomes Logistics According to the graph Team Mersal has the highest average logistics cost per sold product in Asia i.e. USD 25.6 and DigiBox with USD 18.7 the lowest average logistics cost per sold product in Asia, therefore team DigiBox has the competitive edge over Little World USD 23.9, Blue USD 20.9 and Mersal. Managing a global organization is a complex challenge to manage logistics in Asia and Europe, here team DigiBox outperforms in Asia whereas in Europe all the teams have almost the same average logistics cost per sold product. Learning This exercise revealed that team Little World has the highest market share of 34.59%, followed by DigiBox 25.94%, Blue 22.84% and Mersal 16.62%. Little world is also offering competitive prices in USA for both Tech 1 and Tech 2. DigiBox is offering lowest prices for Tech 1 in USA. Consequently Little World is the leader in terms of prices in USA, Aisa and Europe. Final Remarks The Simulation exercise has been very useful in managing global operations with the help of financial ratio analysis financial statements. This simulation has helped the team to make decisions based on the information retrieved from financial ratios, consequently providing opportunities for students to learn how to predict financial numbers.

Essay on Gambling Creates Lots of Problems - 896 Words

Due to the fast-paced lifestyle of modern society, people are suffering from life stress and need entertainment to release it. Since gambling is one of the entertainment can release stress, the population of gambler has become millions. However, problem gambling has become a serious social problem. This essay will discuss the negative effects of gambling which include financial and health problems. Then it will discuss the solution for gambling, which includes governments’ regulation, self-control and education. Problem gambling causes financial problem, which can lead to crime and family issues. Firstly, Problem gamblers have some behaviours and thoughts to support their gambling, such as spending more money and time on gambling than†¦show more content†¦In addition, problem gamblers also consume more medical resources, such as emergency department visits (as sited in Black, Shaw, McCormick Allen, 2013). Furthermore, gamblers are more likely to have substance abuse. More time gamblers spend on gambling, more likely they will have substance abuse (Turner, Macdonald, Bartoshuk Zangeneh, 2008, p. 233). There are several solutions for gambling. The first solution is governments’ regulation. Governments have taken measures such as limiting gamblers’ access to money, introducing cashless gaming, and limiting the rate of loss (Healey, 2011, p. 14). For example, Australia have banned ATMs and EFTPOS in casinos, and set poker machine’s bet limit to $10 (Healey, 2011, p. 9). In addition, Australian governments also use financial sanctions to the states which have not taken these measures (Healey, 2011, p. 9). Furthermore, Australian government have introduced pre-commitment system which allows gamblers to set time and money limit. According to the Productivity Commission, pre-commitment system is a very effective option to minimize the negative effect that caused by problem gambling (as sited in Healey, 2011, p. 11). Beside governments’ regulation, gamblers’ self-control is also a solution of gambling. There are two main strategies that gamblers used to control themselves. The firstShow MoreRelatedCasinos Offer Many Things, To Different People. Most People1023 Words   |  5 Pagesoccasional trip to a casino. There are a lot of jobs created by casinos. It can help someone be on track. Many people go to have fun, while for some people it’s a lifestyle. Despite the other problems like addiction, gambling is something that is very popular and it just continues to grow more and more, illegalizing this would cause problems and not end easily. The positive benefits of legal gambling far out weigh the disadvantages proposed by any naysayers. Gambling is something that will continue toRead MoreGambling Is The Largest And Most Financially Significant Entertainment Industry1460 Words   |  6 PagesGambling is Canada’s largest and most financially significant entertainment ind ustry. 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Essay on A Comparison of The Destructors and Lord of the...

A Comparison of The Destructors and Lord of the Flies In Graham Greenes The Destructors, the author presents the Wormsley Common car-park gang, a group of adolescent delinquents who commit petty crimes for fun. William Golding, in his novel Lord of the Flies, presents a slightly younger group of boys who are wrecked on an uninhabited island and develop a primitive society that eventually collapses and gives way to despotic savagery. Although these two cases seem rather different, the boys in both situations show common characteristics. They react to the outside environment of their worlds in similar ways. There are also trends in the development of the dynamic characters in each†¦show more content†¦The boys, who hate all that is of a class above theirs, do not trust him, and see him as a mean old tyrant. A simple kind act is grossly misinterpreted by the boys, who have hardly ever experienced kindness: I got some chocolates, Mr. Thomas said. Dont like Ôem myself. Here you are. Not enough to go around, I dont suppose. There never is, he added with somber conviction. He handed over three packs of Smarties. The gang were puzzled and perturbed by this action and tried to explain it away. Bet someone dropped them and he picked Ôem up, somebody suggested. Pinched Ôem and then got in a bleeding funk, another thought aloud. Its a bribe, Summers said. He wants us to stop bouncing balls on his wall. Well show him we dont take bribes, Blackie said, and they sacrificed the whole morning to the game of bouncing that only Mike was young enough to enjoy. There was no sign from Mr. Thomas. (Greene 50) This complete lack of trust not only shows that the boys have never been given anything for free, it also demonstrates the hate that the boys have for Old Misery and how they distance themselves from him. They form a belief system surrounding him in the same way that the boys in Lord of the Flies do for their beast. The beast in Lord of the Flies is a

Impact of the Oil and Gas Exploration/Production/Distribution

Questions: The Impact of the Oil and Gas Exploration/Production/Distribution on the Environment As an environmental consultant, your role is to provide guidelines and information on issues related to the impact of oil and gas exploration, production and distribution on a specific part of the environment e.g. air, or water or soil pollution. Discuss the measures that can be taken to minimise those impacts. At the same time, link your discussion to the most efficient approach in implementing new technology and recent research and regulations in reducing the above impact. Your approach should conform to sustainability in relation to the economic, social and environmental issues. By doing so, you may need to establish a monitoring scheme and an enforcement programme. Your recommendations for the new sustainable environmentally friendly approach and implementation should be sourced from actual data and reliable references. Answers: Introduction The misuse of gas and oil storages has not always been without certainenvironmental side effects. The damaged lands, oil spills, fires, and accidents, as well as water pollution, has been recorded at various places. This part describes a broad overview of measurements taken to minimize the water, airas well as soil pollution caused by the impacts of water, air and soil pollution(Inkpen and Moffett, 2011). The potential for gas and oil operations must be measured according to a case-by-case methods. It is done by this way because different activities in different environments, in different situations, produce huge differences in the magnitude of a probable impact. These potential impacts can be mitigated or eliminated by the use of proper application of best environmental practices as well as best management techniques. The impact of oil and gas exploration, production and distribution on environment Air pollution The current environment is very much affected by the gas and oil productionand exploration. Major impact of these pollutions depends on the stages of process, complexity and size of the project. Talking about the atmospheric impacts due to the oil and gas exploration and production, there are many variables involved in this section (Usen, Udofia and Offiong, 2012). In order to examine the potential impact of oil and gas exploration, production and distribution it is very important to understand the resources and nature of the radiations and their contribution to the air pollutions. The main resources of air pollution are followed: Purging, venting and flaring gases from oil and gas industry Gas production from the diesel engines and gas pipelines Loading process and gas leakages from the gas chambers and the loss of process equipment Airborne particulars for the disturbance of construction and traffic vehicles. Particulars from other resources, for example burning well testing The air pollution due to the gas and oil productionand exploration includes some effective elements of natural gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, nitrogen oxide and volatile organic carbons. When the oil and gas industry uses the power sources, then sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide occur. In addition both composed gases depend on the sulphur content of hydrocarbon. This sulphur dioxide is very harmful to the environment. Moreover, the ozone layer is also affected by those harmful gases. The volume of air pollution and its potential impact depends on the production process of oil and gas industry. However, during the production, the emissions of air pollution are increasing with the activity of the operations. The World Resources Institutes indicated that the total methane emissions from oil and gas production in 1991 were 26 x 106 tonnes comparatively only 10 percent of the global emissions. On the other hand, other emissions gases such as nitrogen dioxide, carbon mono oxide and sulphur dioxide from the North Sea production operations are only 1 percent of the global gas emissions. Apart from that, the level of Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC) is exceptional because the net volume is still less than 2 percent of global emissions (Trevors, 2010). It is critical to have a significant view on air pollution. The air pollution aspect has particularly effected the environment in a very tragic way according to me. Thus, I can hereby state that the governments along with the industries and factories that emit poisonous gases affecting the air must prolifically look into the issue and make basic criteria to deal with it. Water pollution Water is an essential element for sustain in this environment. During the production process of oil and gas industry, the water has been polluted very much. In addition, there are some resources from the gas and oil productionand exploration operations followed below; They produced water They drill fluids and mix chemicals in water They include domestic wastes, sewerages and sanitary in the produced water Leakage and spills Cooling water The volume of the wastages production depends on the various stages of the exploration and production process of oil and gas industry (Xu, Wu and He, 2013). In the process of exploratory drilling, many micro particles such as organic carbon, drilling fluids and cuttings influence the water pollution. On the other hand, many studies proved that the toxicity of chemicals is used in the exploration and production of oil and gas. Moreover, the water-based drilling fluids create the limited impact on the environment. The fresh water sources are affected by the great pH and saltedcontented of the confident drilling liquids. Apart from that the produced water contains a large amount of organic fluids which is arising from the exploration and production of oil and gas industry (Yao, Naeth and Chanasyk, 2014). In addition, other typical elements are included in the produced water of oil and gas production such as heavy metals parts, ironic salts, production chemicals, benzenes, hydrocarbons a nd other radioactive metals. Talking about the pollution of ground and surface water is very much affected by the exploration, production and distribution process of oil and gas industry. The resources of ground water are mainly used for domestic and household purpose such as fisheries. Due to the pollution of oil and gas industry and their exploration, many people are suffering because fishes cannot live in chemical water. On the other hand, the exploration and production of oil and gas affect directly or indirectly on local drainage patterns. For an example, the polluted produced water is passing through local drains and leaving harmful gases on air, so it is very dangerous for the local people (Loucks, 2012). Moreover, according to recent studies, 50% people of this world are using groundwater as their drinking water but the exploration, production and distribution of oil and gas industry puts harmful chemicals in that ground water as a produced water including organic wastages. So, oil and gas industry should pay attention to their exploration and production process. Water pollution has affected the aquatic ecosystem in a drastic way the petroleum leaks has been the most prominent factor that has affected the water life. According to me it is proving to be more fatal as every day the aquatic ecosystem is being harmed by various toxic materials dumped in the water. I think the locals and the governments should look after it and try to preserve the aquatic life by passing various laws and regulations. Soil pollution It is our primary responsibility to save the soil because we cannot live without soil. The soil is mainly used for the harvesting. There are many reasons involved in the soil erosion such as rain fall, cut off trees but the most effective reason is the exploration, production and distribution of oil and gas industry (Matthiessen, 2000). The soil is losing its capacity for growing the crops due the effect of the gas and oil production and exploration. In other words, the land farming and land spreading both have been extremely suffered due to the treatment of oily petroleum organic wastages, muds and cuttings. One of the major reasons of soil erosion is the concentration of toxic salts in the muds and cuttings. During a major drilling of a classic dig at the depth of 3000m, almost 500 tonnes of soil is utilized and 1000-1500 tonnes of carvings have been formed (Newbury and De Lorne, 2009). According to the calculation, a huge amount of soil is used for the exploration and production o f oil and gas. Moreover, the experts of hydrology said that the physical and chemical composition of the wastage materials of oil and gas mixed with soil and produce the waste-soil mixture which is very harmful for cultivation (Oil Gas Industry Waste Management, 2015). The management process is discussed below: The valuation of possibleeffects as well as management measures is commonly carried out by an environmental value. It is accompanied either autonomously or inside the agenda of management arrangement of HSE. The process of evaluating the likely impacts on the environment of a suggested development or project which takes into results on human health and cultural environment, inter-related socio-economic account, both adverse and beneficial is called Environmental Impact Assessment or EIA (Dale, 2014). The potential effects of production and exploration activities must also be considered according to the international and national legislation and policies. The soil pollution has affected major farmers and even the governments affecting the economic conditions. In current day soil pollution is caused by dumping of various toxic materials. This has also affected the fertility of the soil and creating huge problems. A specific, significant process must be outlined to deal with this issue. Reduction of Air pollution caused due to oil and gas exploration, production and distribution of environment According to The Clean Air Act, EPA or Environmental Protection Agency sets NSPS or New Source Performance Standards for changes in industries which comprise of the cause and the vital contribution to reducing air pollution which may endanger public health (Breville, 2011). They also review and approve permit applications for industries or chemical procedures. EPA assists tribal, state and local agencies by giving research, engineering designs as well as funding to support progression regarding clean air. Environmental Protection Agency is phasing in requirements for the reduction of VOC emissions from new and modified tanks. It works with enough combustion devices which will reduce the emissions (ONeill, Rogers and Thorp, 2015). Centrifugal compressors are used to reduce VOC. The compressor is made up of wet seal systems. Reciprocating compressors are utilized as well. It requires replacement of rod packing which can leak VOC's as it wears. Pneumatic controllers are used for the regulation of temperature and pressure. It affects high-bleed controllers as it allows the use of important applications like emergency shutoff valves. Glycol dehydrators are used to cover under two air toxic standards, they are, natural gas treating plants as well asnatural gas and oil production (Cook and Rinfret, 2013). At gas processing plants, leaks from valves strengthened requirements to repair and detect for VOCs and air toxics. Reduction of Water pollution caused due to oil and gas exploration, production and distribution of environment First of all, oil spills significantly affect the environment as well as local communities. The oil and gas manufacturing industry and governments have been operating together to improve oil spills with the help IPIECA and the International Maritime Organization (IMO). It provides a high-level strategic network for organizations for the establishment of good practices. It is done by discussing and sharing oil spill preparedness and response issues. Secondly, hydraulic fracturing leads to water pollution. The hydraulic fracturing fluids include propane and other substances which contain toxic chemicals. Such activities are treated as trade secrets by various organizations (Spellman, 2013). A trade secret is a process, practice, formula, design, pattern and instrument used as a popular method in business which is not known by others. The water pollution can also be reduced by the use of membrane process. The membrane processes are characterized by ambient temperature operations, modular nature, and low energy consumption. The oil and gas industry must use little energy to reduce pollution in water. Another method includes construction of proper sanitary landfill sites. According to The Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA), it established general standards for siting in landfill which include siting in the floodplain, impacts on endangered species and quality of groundwater (Gabay, 2012). It also includes control of safety and surface water discharges. Reduction of Soil pollution caused due to oil and gas exploration, production and distribution of environment The gas and oil industry has a less performing record on the environment. Itbecome even worse in regions of tropical rainforest. These rainforest areas contain large amounts of deposits of petroleum. The extraction of oil from these areas leads to soil erosion. The one of the simplest and reliable ways to mitigate damage is a prohibition of oil extraction in a tropical rainforest (Bai, 2014). The reduction of pollution and avoiding oil spills can be made by better pipeline management, stopping flaring of methane as well as reinjection techniques. The limitation of road development and restricting access helps in avoiding deforestation. During the distribution of oil and gas products from one corner of the world to another, oil spills from storage tanks due to leakage. These oils affect soil. Proper measurements should be taken to avoid leaking of oil from tanks. The leaking of oils can be prevented by proper maintenance of tanks and vehicles on a daily basis. The tanks should be made from tough, light and heat resistance material to carry oil on highways. The biological diversity should be encouraged by planting different types of plants together. The increase in trees and forest will toughen the soil and, therefore; it will be hard for any types of oil for soil erosion. Reforesting is another process to control land loss and soil erosion caused by the emissions from oil and gas industries. The crop rotation or mixed cropping can improve the fertility of the earth. Apart from these, the cropping techniques should also be developed to prevent the growth of weeds. The proper methods should be implemented for the managingsolid waste disposal. Individual pits should be utilized for the dumping of waste. The wastages in different holes can be used for recycling products. There are three types of permanent recycling facility: civic amenity sites, bring banks and recycling centers. Conclusion In order to control the air, water and soil pollutions, and the oil and gas industry should pay more attention to their exploration, production and distribution process. They should be very careful about their organic hydrocarbon wastages which influence the air, water and soil pollution rapidly. Finally, the environment should be protected carefully because our next generation supposed to ask us what we left for them for survive. References Loucks, E. (2012). World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2012. Reston, Va.: American Society of Civil Engineers. Matthiessen, P. (2000). Environmental Impact of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry. Environmental Pollution, 110(2), p.367. Newbury, H. and De Lorne, W. (2009). Industrial pollution including oil spills. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Oil Gas industry Waste Management. (2015). Applied Science Reports, 12(3). Trevors, J. (2010). Human Addictions: Oil, Conflicts and Super Consumerism. Water, Air, Soil Pollution, 217(1-4), pp.1-2. Usen, S., Udofia, A. and Offiong, A. (2012). Effective Management of Wastages in Vocational Education for Sustainable Development in Nigeria. African Research Review, 6(3). Xu, J., Wu, J. and He, Y. (2013). Functions of natural organic matter in changing environment. Dordrecht: Springer. Yao, L., Naeth, M. and Chanasyk, D. (2014). Spent Potassium Silicate Drilling Fluid Affects Soil and Leachate Properties. Water, Air, Soil Pollution, 225(10). Bai, Y. (2014). Subsea pipeline integrity and risk management. Waltham, MA: Gulf Professional Publishing. Breville, M. (2011). US Environmental Protection Agency Tribal Environmental Health Research Program. Epidemiology, 22, p.S115. Cook, J. and Rinfret, S. (2013). The Environmental Protection Agency Regulates Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Is Anyone Paying Attention?.Review of Policy Research, 30(3), pp.263-280. Dale, V. (2014). Environmental Management: Past and Future Communications. Environmental Management, 54(1), pp.1-2. Gabay, M. (2012). Resource Conservation and Recovery Act: Management of Pharmaceutical Waste. Hospital Pharmacy, 47(10), pp.769-770. Inkpen, A. and Moffett, M. (2011). The global oil gas industry. Tulsa, Okla.: PennWell. ONeill, B., Rogers, D. and Thorp, J. (2015). Flexibility of ephemeral wetland crustaceans: environmental constraints and anthropogenic impacts. Wetlands Ecology and Management. Spellman, F. (2013). Environmental impacts of hydraulic fracturing. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.